HEALTH
1. What are the factors for final health outcome?
Medical care, social environment (education, income, and occupation), physical environment (air and water quality), individual behavior and genetics affect final health outcome.
2. What role do nurses play in patient management?Physicians chart a treatment plan which must be administered to aid the patient’s progress from illness to wellness. Nurses have their own unique body of knowledge and nursing interventions that are based on the condition of the patient. A nurse, who spends more time with the patient than the physicians, becomes a caregiver. A nurse also collects appropriate patient data (eg. test results, reactions to therapies); monitors physicians (eg. orders and protocols) and provides nursing inputs (medical and nursing interventions) to create a clear picture of the current status of the patient, as well as facilitates discussions for subsequent orders that must be included in the treatment plan.
3. What is the advantage of electronic health record?Electronic health records become a quality improvement tool when laboratory and other investigation results are correctly transcribed into it for review and comparison with previous values by a provider.
4. What is emergency responder electronic health record?Electronic health record is data that is accessible to future primary care providers. This data has been transferred from a previous medical summary to first-responder records, to emergency department records, and then to definitive care.
5. What are the serious abnormalities before unplanned ICU admissions?Most commonly tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea and sudden change in mental status occur during 8 hours before the transfer into the ICU.
6. What are the abnormal clinical parameters with the high predictive value for subsequent cardiac arrest?The presence of any of the following factors can lead to a 6.8 fold increase in the risk of cardiac arrest mortality:
Decrease in GCS score by 2 points,
Onset of coma
Hypotension (BP<90m Hg)
Respiratory rate less than 6 per minute
Hypoxia ( Oxygen saturation<90%)
On or off oxygen therapy
Bradycardia (Heart rate approximately 30 beats per minute)
7. What is preference based care?
Preference based care consists of formal decision aids that are used to assist the patient in making a choice among one of the available treatments that is consistent with their own utilities and values.
8. What are the risk factors for Cervical Cancer?The most important risk factor for cervical cancer is infection by certain types of HPV (Human Papillomavirus - Types16,18,31,33,45).Some patterns of sexual behavior - intercourse at an early age, having many sexual partners, having a partner who has had many sexual partners - increase a women's risk of getting HPV. Other risk factors for cervical cancer include poor genital hygiene, cigarette smoking, weakened immune system and multiple full time pregnancies.
9. Which diseases can be prevented by the HPV Vaccine?The HPV vaccine is available for prevention of HPV associated dysplasia and neoplasia, including cervical cancer, genital warts and precancerous genital lesions. It should be administered to girls and young women aged between 9-26 years, up until 45 years of age.
10. What is triple negative breast cancer?Breast cancers lacking the expression of ER, PR and HER2 receptors are referred to triple negative breast cancer. These are highly proliferative, faster growing and more resistant to chemotherapy drugs that affect the dividing cancer cells. They carry poor prognosis due to aggressive biology and resistance to presently available endocrine therapies and agents targeting HER2 pathways.
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